The causes of male infertility are generally associated with a low sperm quality resulting from a low sperm count, poor motility and a high percentage of abnormal forms. Low values in any of the above parameters do not automatically mean that the man is infertile, but it may just indicate a problem that requires further evaluation by an andrologist.

The andrologist will examine the functions of the male´s reproductive system and determine the presence of anatomical, hormonal, genetic or systemic disorders. The investigations typically include the patient´s complete history, a physical examination, a sperm analysis and additional tests. The specialist will propose the best treatment plan based on the patient´s individual circumstances.

There are structural and functional alterations (i.e. genetic, chromosomal or biochemical) that cannot be detected with a sperm analysis but only during an in-vitro fertilization treatment.

Lastly in a few cases male infertility may not be due to an insufficient sperm quality but to the inability to ejaculate into the vagina, e.g. retrograde ejaculations, hypospadias, erectile dysfunction, etc.

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The causes of male infertility are mainly related to the low quality of semen.